“Values” are core beliefs within society as to what is good and bad, moral and immoral, and acceptable and unacceptable. Similarly, “norms” are action aspects of values that teach us how to behave in a situation and “customs” is a close synonym to the norm, which guides the life of an individual. These were the founding stones of law. “Laws” were formal “norms” that attracted sanctions by the society.
In all criminal trials, two things should be identified, i.e. whether the alleged offence was committed and who committed the crime. To identify the accused, the practice of test identification parade (hereinafter, TIP) is undertaken. This test is done by the magistrate in the absence of interference by police. Section 9 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 talks about the Test identification parade.
The Constitution of India, under Article 19(1)(a), provides for the right of freedom of speech and expression to every citizen of India. Freedom of speech and expression connotes the citizens’ right to speak and to freely express their views without any unreasonable restrictions. In this article, we will study the freedom of the press which comes under the ambit of freedom of speech and expression.
The patriarchal theory that men typically dominate women is omnipresent. The idea is not wrong but is not cent per cent true. Indian women and children are protected by the Indian laws against various offences and are also given special rights that they can avail. Conversely, men in India have few rights that they can avail.
Lynching comes under the family of mob violence and is often defined as the killing of someone by a group of people, for an alleged offence, without a legal proceeding. These killings are often preceded by a form of torture. In India, the Protection from Lynching Act, 2017 defines the term lynching as any act or series of acts of violence or aiding, abetting or attempting an act of violence, whether spontaneous or planned, by a mob on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, language, dietary practices, sexual orientation, political affiliation, ethnicity or any other related grounds. Lynching, as a phenomenon, is relatively new to India.
The relationship between China and India, also known as Sino- Indian relations, have varied over the passage of time. The two nations have sought after economic corporations with one another, with the border dispute being the highlight. India was the nation who ended the ties with Taiwan and perceived their people as a legitimate government of Mainland China. In 2012 China stated that Sino – Indian ties could be the most important bilateral partnership.
As per traditional concepts, trade was understood to refer to the exchange of goods. However, in the present era, it relates to lending, movements of goods, transactions linked with the flow of goods, promotion of buying and selling advance, borrowings, discount bills and mercantile documents, banking, and other forms of supply of funds. International Trade is the trade between two or more states, i.e., trade across borders. It may either be between the residents of two different states, or between two different states, or between a state and a resident.
For far too long, India has been in the eye of the storm regarding its several border disputes. In recent times, the nation has excelled to resolve its boundary disputes with Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and trying out all possible ways to resolve the issues. The un-demarcated borders with Myanmar, Bhutan, and lately with China, Pakistan, and Nepal have often outburst into conflicts. Likewise, India is able to restitute its marine boundary dispute with Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
“I do not ask for mercy. I do not appeal to magnanimity. I cheerfully submit to any punishment that the court may impose,” a quote paraphrased from the sayings of Mahatma Gandhi, stated by Advocate Prashant Bhushan. The matter revolves around “Scandalizing the Court” or The Contempt of Court which relates to an offence that shows disrespect to the dignity or authority of the court in a certain way.